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Mitochondrial DNA

Mitochondria DNA is passed down through the generations only through females to her children virtually unchanged.  Unlike Y-DNA, mtDNA is passed to sons as well, as such a male can have an mtDNA test to trace his maternal line.   Establishing matrilineal lines with documents is more difficult than for male lines because the surnames of females are lost. Thus, testing of the mitochondrial DNA can aid in establishing matrilineal lines.  The mtDNA test also allows you to identify your ethnic and geographic origins, both recent and far distant. Among other features, this test will also be able to indicate your Native-American Ancestry and which of the 5 major groups (A, B, C D and X) that settled in the Americans you are most likely to be descended from. It can also describe African Ancestry as well as other ethnic origins, which became popularly known as the "Daughters of Eve".

 

mtDNA Test Results

ID# Ancestor Haplo HVR1 HVR2
37368 Mary Polly Brock b. 1757 VA - 1820 KY; Spouse: Ephraim Osborne H 162G,519C  
42135 Mary Polly Brock b. 1757 VA - 1820 KY; Spouse: Ephraim Osborne H 162G,519C  
65668   H 16519C  
124829   H 304c  
65668 Margaret Baumstark 1901 Hungary; Spouse: Arthur Brock H 519C  
35047 Arrena Stephens/Stevens 1817 Canada; Spouse: Stephen P. Goen H 519C  
67994 Amy Ann Waldrup 1790 KY; Spouse: Aaron Brock H 519C 152C,263G,315.1C 
43424 Amy Ann Waldrup 1790 KY; Spouse: Aaron Brock H3 519C 152C,263G,315.1C 
95767 Nancy Jane Cowan 1858 KY; Spouse: David Roark J1a 069T,126C,145A,231C,261T  
43570 Rettie Loutilla Carmack 1892 TX; Spouse: George W. Brock K 042A,093C,224C,311C,519C  
28884 Lydia Turner T1 126C,163G,186T,189C,294T,519C  
30339   T1 126C,163G,186T,189C,294T,519C 73G,152C,195C,263G,309.1C,315.1C 
27199 Sarah Unknown 1833; Spouse: Elias Franklin Brock T2 126C,187T,294T,296T,304C,519C  
40527 Elizabeth Osborne 1770 NC - 1859 Harlan Co., KY; Spouse: James Brock T2 126C,187T,294T,296T,304C,519C  
N24641   T2 126C,294T,296T,304C,519C   
73140 Rebecca Whalen 1867 KY; Spouse: Noah Spegal T2 126C,294T,304C,519C  
99100   U4 260T,356C  
41783 Minnie Mae Maness 1904 KY; Spouse: Curgie L. Brock U5 189C,192T,270T,398A 73G,150T,263G,315.1C 
N58258   U5 192T,256T,270T,399G  
20263 Sarah Slusher 1836 KY; Spouse: Micajah Brock U5 192T,256T,270T,526A 73G,263G,309.1C,315.1C 

 

Haplogroups Definitions

T - is best characterized as a European lineage. With an origin in the Near East greater than 45,000 years ago, the major sub-lineages of haplogroup T entered Europe around the time of the Neolithic 10,000 years ago. Once in Europe, these sub-lineages underwent a dramatic expansion associated with the arrival of agriculture in Europe. The origin of haplogroup T1 dates to at least 6,000 years ago, and today, we find haplogroup T1 distributed in populations living in southeast, central, and northwestern Europe.  Haplogroup T2 is one of the older sub-lineages and may have been present in Europe as early as the Late Upper Paleolithic.

 

J - The mitochondrial haplogroup J contains several sub-lineages. The original haplogroup J originated in the Near East approximately 50,000 years ago. Within Europe, sub-lineages of haplogroup J have distinct and interesting distributions. Haplogroup J1a dates to approximately 6,500 years ago, and is found in the alpine regions of Europe as well as north-central Europe. This haplogroup is considered one of the prominent lineages that was part of the Neolithic spread of agriculture into Europe from the Near East.

 

H - is a predominantly European haplogroup that participated in a population expansion beginning approximately 20,000 years ago. Today, about 30% of all mitochondrial lineages in Europe are classified as haplogroup H. It is rather uniformly distributed throughout Europe suggesting a major role in the peopling of Europe, and descendant lineages of the original haplogroup H appear in the Near East as a result of migration.

 

K - is found through Europe, and contains multiple closely related lineages indicating a recent population expansion. The origin of haplogroup K dates to approximately 16,000 years ago, and it has been suggested that individuals with this haplogroup took part in the pre-Neolithic expansion following the Last Glacial Maximum.

 

U - The mitochondrial super-haplogroup U encompasses haplogroups U1-U7 and haplogroup K. Haplogroup U5, with its own multiple lineages nested within, is the oldest European-specific haplogroup, and its origin dates to approximately 50,000 years ago. Most likely arising in the Near East, and spreading into Europe in a very early expansion, the presence of haplogroup U5 in Europe pre-dates the expansion of agriculture in Europe. Haplogroup U5a—a lineage within U5—is somewhat younger, dating to approximately 40,000 years ago, and is mostly distributed in southern Europe. Interestingly, individuals with haplogroup U5 and U5a may have been come in contact with Neanderthals living in Europe at the time.

 

Note: Native American haplogroups are A, B, C D and X.  There are 7 haplogroups for Europe, which they call the "7 Daughters of Eve".

 

FTDNA: Understanding your mtDNA Report pdf

 

Mito Search http://www.mitosearch.org/

 

Native American mtDNA haplogroups

 

American Journal of Human Genetics  "On the basis of comprehensive RFLP analysis, it has been inferred that sim97% of Native American mtDNAs belong to one of four major founding mtDNA lineages, designated haplogroups "A"ndash"D." It has been proposed that a fifth mtDNA haplogroup (haplogroup X) represents a minor founding lineage in Native Americans. Unlike haplogroups AndashD, haplogroup X is also found at low frequencies in modern European populations."  

 

Mapping Native American Haplogroups File Format: Microsoft PowerPoint 97 - View as HTML

"Haplogroup A was found to have the highest frequency in the eastern United States, central Mexico and Canada.  Haplogroup B was highest in the west and Midwest.  Haplogroup C was found to be overall much less frequent but did show a slightly decreased frequency in Alaska.  Haplogroup D followed the opposite pattern as C: frequencies were slightly higher in Alaska and lower in the remainder of Canada and the United States.  Haplogroup X shows a higher frequency around the Great Lakes and Greenland than the remainder of North America."

 

Mitochondrial Eve

http://www.biologydaily.com/biology/Mitochondrial_Eve

 

 

 

Project Administrator - Jerry Taylor  jtaylor at brockancestry.com

Co-Administrator - A. Proffitt    aproffitt at brockancestry.com

Copyright 2005 - 2008, All Rights Reserved

Project start Date -  March 30, 2005